Race-Based Traffic Stops in the US Essay -- racial profiling, police st

Envision driving home, on a wonderful night, following a repetitive day at work. Similarly as you are going to show up to your neighborhood, you notice blue and red glimmering lights and pull over. It appears the cop has no purpose behind halting you, but to look through your vehicle in view of your dubiously seen skin tone. This superfluous traffic stop, intended for individuals of shaded skin, occurs on various events and has been named Driving While Black or Brown. Racial profiling is the demonstration of utilizing race or ethnicity as justification for associating somebody with having carried out a wrongdoing. Race-based traffic stops are risky for ethnic minorities, since they can happen whenever; different African Americans and Latinos adjust their driving propensities in unprecedented manners. For instance, some totally stay away from predominately white rural areas, in dread of police contributions for watching strange. Some deliberately drive normal vehicles or change their dressing style, and other people who drive significant distances even factor in additional time for the inevitable traffic stops (Harris). â€Å"From 2005 to mid-2008, roughly 80% of all out stops made were of Blacks and Latinos, who involve twenty-five percent and twenty-eight percent of New York City’s all out populace, separately. During this equivalent timeframe, just around 10% of stops were of Whites, who include forty-four percent of the city’s population† (â€Å"Restoring a National Consensus†). Beam Kelly, designated Police Commissioner by Mayor Michael Bloomberg, of New York in 2013, has not just acknowledged stop-and-search, a program that permits law implementers to stop people and search them, yet has duplicated its utilization. Kelly contended that New Yorkers of shading, who have been unevenly focused on un... ...motivated activity at the state and nearby level. The ACLU approaches administrators in each state to pass laws that will permit the act of traffic implementation to be factually checked ceaselessly. Fourth, the Justice Department should boycott racial profiling in all governmentally subsidized medication prohibition programs. Fifth, the fifty biggest urban areas in the United States should willfully gather traffic stop information (â€Å"Restoring a National Consensus†). Duke G. Graves stated, â€Å"Fifty years after Dr. Martin Luther King communicated his fantasy that African Americans would sometime be judged not by the shade of our skin yet by the substance of our character, the line between the suspect is a dark male and dark guys are suspect remains hazardously thin.† Our country needs to follow the five-advance arrangement illustrated by ACLU to permit our citizenry security and equivalent rights for each other.

Gender and Sexual Studies - Female Masculinity Research Paper

Sex and Sexual Studies - Female Masculinity - Research Paper Example The issue of manliness brings out ideas of intensity, benefit and authenticity. It represents the intensity of state and inconsistent appropriation of property. It speaks to the legacy and social benefits across sex and sexuality. Culture and society will in general overlook and dishearten female manliness but then is profoundly mindful on male gentility. â€Å"Issues of sexual orientation disparity are sustained by the man centric nature of our general public that licenses male control and female subordination† (Kambarami, 2006). This has to a great extent been affected all through the procedure of socialization. Scientists, people group coordinators and law authorities who fret about enemy of LGB (- lesbian, - gay and â€bisexual) preference and segregation will in general conflate those viewpoints that target sexual direction with different issues of sex non resistance (Gordon, 2007). Sexual orientation rebelliousness is characterized as â€Å"An outward appearance or se x articulation that doesn't adjust to the conventional laws of gender† (Gordon, 2007). It is ascribed with encounters of sexual minority and practices that go amiss from the normal sex jobs. The sexual orientation dissention frequencies were found to happen in the cultural set up and were for the most part executed in the family, in schools, strict settings like a congregation and in the corporate world like in an open retail setting (Gordon, 2007). This gives proof of the jobs played by the general public through its essential organizations on the issues of sex and sexuality. There are different settings in which the general public shapes ladies to womanliness. It defines limits for ladies that are ethically worthy as indicated by social standards and customs. There is interaction between womanliness, sexuality and culture (Kambarami, 2006). Culture impacts ladylike sexuality contrarily by detaining ladies to subjection of male centric society which therefore renders them fee ble to control their sexuality. Women's activists characterize man controlled society as â€Å"A social framework in which men tend to over principle all the social duties as ladies stay in subordination† (Kambarami, 2006). A case of a social setting where women's liberation is exceptionally shown and socially controlled is in the family. The socialization procedure separates the kid and young lady youngster at a youthful age. The young men are arranged to see themselves as the family heads and providers while the young ladies are prepared to be loyal and agreeable servants (Kambarami, 2006). This subsequently shows ladies as sexual creatures and not people, where they are being characterized comparable to men along these lines ward to them generally. The general public imparts in ladies characteristics, for example, tenderness, lack of involvement and accommodation so as to in every case please men (Kambarami, 2006). In our way of life for instance when a young lady accompli shes the pubescence age, she gets unlimited lessons on the most proficient method to please and keep up her future spouse by being an accommodating wife. She is additionally presented to issues of her sexuality and how best to use it for male’s advantage. The lessons energize reliance where a lady at last can't bolster themselves without the spouse. They watch a male figure with incredible amazement for arrangement and can't endure alone on account of the husband’s passing however need to remarry. The general public qualities the male youngster more than the female. The establishment of this is in the family where a kid youngster governs a young lady kid by the privilege of birth. He

Marilyn Monroe Marriage to Joe essays

Marilyn Monroe Marriage to Joe papers On January 14, 1954, Marilyn wedded baseball whiz Joe DiMaggio at San Francisco's City Hall. Sadly, Marilyn's overall notoriety and sexual picture turned into a subject that spooky their marriage (Haberman 1). The marriage was unrelieved hellfire. She figured he couldn't have cared less enough about her vocation; that he was envious and disheartened by her ability to play the national airhead (Epstein 2). After nine months on October 27, 1954, Marilyn and Joe separated. They credited the split to a contention of professions, and stayed dear companions. I wedded Joe with affection. I thought I would have a decent life. I thought we would have a not too bad marriage. I thought we would have a relationship as a spouse and as a wife. And all the things that are involved in a decent marriage. What's more, Ive found that the man is completely fixated on desire and possessiveness. . . . He doesnt need to think about my business. He doesnt need to think about my work as an entertainer. He do esnt need me to connect with any of my companions. He needs to cut me off totally from my entire universe of movies, companions, and imaginative individuals that I know (Oates 151) Marilyn Monroes separate from Joe DiMaggio, there was numerous occasions that were potential dangers to both her rational soundness and her life. After the separation, she moved to New York City to seek after a genuine profession in acting. She concentrated under the incomparable Lee Strasberg at his Actors' Studio. In the late spring of 1956, two things occurred. Marilyn wedded writer Arthur Miller, and furthermore Marilyn came back to Hollywood to film another film, Transport Stop. During this time in her life Marilyn was likewise framing her own creation organization with long-lasting companion Milton Greene. With the cash she earned from past film jobs, Marilyn began her own movie organization, Marilyn Monroe Productions. Marilyn Monroe Productions would just make one film, 1957's The Prince and the S... <!

How To Select Essay Topics

How To Select Essay TopicsWriting essay topics is one of the most important aspects of an assignment. Whether it is for college, graduate school, or high school, you will be expected to write a substantial topic of your own for the exam.In general, courses are divided into a number of different categories that include the usual subjects like English, Math, or Sciences. These categories are then broken down into subcategories such as literary composition, history, or political science. Then, each of these subcategories are further broken down into the general topics like Character and Biography. You can also break your assignments down further to certain topics such as Sport, Literature, Philosophy, and of course Science.In general, you will be given a topic or two in which you are expected to delve into in the courses you have chosen to pursue. For example, in English, you might choose 'Literature and Language' to be the main topic of your assignment.As you may imagine, there are som e essay topics that will take up a lot of your time in the course you have chosen. The major topics that you will have to tackle are those relating to your own particular area of interest. For example, if you are studying History and Culture, you will be required to have a general topic on the history of that specific area.For instance, you can start by choosing History and Culture as your general topic and then by digging deeper into that particular geographic area of interest. In other words, if you want to get more information about how certain historical events happened, you can begin by delving into the current events in that particular area. From there, you can find out about what actually happened, and even what lessons were learned.For example, you might choose Reading as your general topic and go deeper into that particular geographic area by delving into the reading historyof that particular area. As you can see, you need to carefully select the proper essay topic, and it is important that you do so with this in mind.Your general topic in the course you are enrolled in should make up only a small portion of your essay topics. Choose topics that will interest you and that will be relevant to the classes you are taking.

Essay on Edwin Arlington Robinsons the Mill - 870 Words

Lucius Beebe critically analyzes Edwin Arlington Robinsons, The Mill best. Beebes analysis is from an objective point of view. He points out to the reader that what seems so obvious may not be. She notes The Mill is just a sad little tale of double suicide brought on by the encroachment of the modern world and by personal loss. Thus meaning The Mill carries a deeper underlying theme. Lucius Beebe expresses that a minor overflow of significant details has been exposed over Edwin Arlington Robinsons The Mill, much of it concerned with whether the millers wife did indeed drown herself after the miller had hanged himself. Another, even more provocative question has never been asked: did the Miller actually hang himself? Beebe†¦show more content†¦Thus, Lucius Beebe points out that Robinson sets up the stanza as a sort of verbal chandelier, with one clause hanging upon the meaning and mode of that before, and with the framework of past perfect verbs giving definition and ton e to the whole. Robinson achieves much the same effect in the second stanza, which opens with the millers wife sick with a fear that had no form, which implies that the fear has a continuation in the past. Beebe implies that a certain poetic inertia militates against supposing change, and much more is needed to indicate or certify such change than exists. This hypothesis is reinforced by the rest of the stanza, a single sentence formed by a pair of past conditional clauses. What he had meant, as direct object, parallels What else there was, as subject, forming a nice balance of speculation within the triple-layered clause. This is continued within the second clause by what was hanging from a beam, forming a seesaw of supposition that is given another push by the predicate Would not have heeded, another past conditional verb. Beebe suggests that this back and forth structure intensifies the pervasive aura of speculation that surrounds all we know of the millers wife so far. This ongoing verbal balancing act also underscores the connotative probability ofShow MoreRelated Edwin Arlington Robinson’s The Mill Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesEdwin Arlington Robinson’s The Mill Lucius Beebe critically analyzes Edwin Arlington Robinson’s, The Mill best. Beebe’s analysis is from an objective point of view. He points out to the reader that what seems so obvious may not be. She notes â€Å"The Mill is just a sad little tale of double suicide brought on by the encroachment of the modern world and by personal loss.† Thus meaning The Mill carries a deeper underlying theme. Lucius Beebe expresses that a minor overflow of significant details hasRead MoreBrief Book Summaries on Various Well Known Classic Novels Essay3043 Words   |  13 Pages 6. ) They replaced employees with no problem or consideration of how long they have been there. #10 Edwin Arlington Robinson Richard Cory Richard Cory is about a man who appears to have everything that a person would want. 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Climate Change Is Happening, Humans Are Causing It, I Think

Climate change is happening, humans are causing it, I think this is perhaps the most serious environmental issue we are facing right now. Climate change is not just the issue for a human it is also affecting the life of animals. In this recent year, it has been the major concern for some of the world leaders. The formal president of United State has put a restriction on oil drilling in the Atlantic Ocean because the oil that spills in water when drilling is harder to clean and it is affecting the life of animals living there. the government of Bhutan, one the small nation in south Asia, they are working on making the country carbon negative. likewise, in this paper, I will demonstrate how climate change is affecting our lives and what we†¦show more content†¦We do need military but at the same time, we need to focus on climate change because it is increasing rapidly. It will not only affect our lives but also affect the life of our future generation. We need to make an earth safe place to live in for our future generation. Wike did the surveyed to find out which country are more worried and working to prevent climate change, the result is surprising. The country with higher carbon emissions per capita are least concerned about the matter, United State of America, China, Canada, Russia are among those nations. I had recently read in some newspaper that some city in China had to stop all the transportation and industries for twenty-four hours because of the intolerable air pollution. In this article why are climate change Docs so boring? Because it works. By Sarah Kollmorgen, they give some example of how the documentary and movie about climate change has a positive impact on the environment. The huge number of viewer show that people are concern about climate change. after watching this kind of documentary people will take a moment and think about how to prevent climate change. they give the example in this article television series on climate change, years of living Dangerously (2014). The cinematically stunning series is rife with celebrities: the first episode opens with Harrison Ford, who is sent to prowl around theShow MoreRelatedClimate Change : Causes And Effects934 Words   |  4 Pages Climate Change Paper Kaitlyn Yinger 4-17-15 Erin Reese Biology 122: 10:30-12:45 Climate Change What really causes climate change? Is it human cause or is a natural process that is happening? I think that us as humans contribute more to climate change then natural causes. Human Causes Humans affect climate change in different ways, three main ways that humans caused climate change is deforestation, greenhouse gases and Agriculture. 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If so, there is a way to effectively stand up to the industry that is causing some of the most ecological abuse in our world today. After taking AP Environmental science this year, and studying a variety of sources including a novel, two documentaries, one oral presentation, and a handful of web articles, I have come to the conclusion that factory farming is one of the biggest culprits of environmental degradation today. It is an industryRead MoreClimate Change Is An Essential Part Of Everyday Life1311 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change is happening all over the world, but not only is it affecting humans, but animal and plants as well. Plants are an essential part of everyday life; the plants help us breathe, provide food for humans and animals, and most importantly help us breathe. Climate change is melting the polar ice caps, it is exceeding the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in our atmosphere, rising the sea level, along with many other dangerous changes. 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Climate change is a natural phenomenon with many factors that contribute to it. We humans are one of those factors. Sure, we can do many things in our daily lives to hopefully lessen our footprint. But really, will all this add up to be enough? In the here and now I would argue no. The ugly side of climate change is very much alive right now, and it is only going to continue to get much worse. I think it would be best if

Osteoporosis Intervention Program for the Elderly

Question: Discuss about theOsteoporosis Intervention Program for the Elderly. Answer: Introduction Osteoporosis is a big public health issue worldwide. It is a medical condition caused by degeneration of bones in the body, the bones are characterised by being slender and are prone to fractures. These fractures can lead to other problems like pain, changes in the body posture, (Pisani et al., 2016). The burden of cost of osteoporotic management is high considering the continuous rise in the population and increase in the life expectancy of the people, (Holryod et al., 2008). The disease affects the quality of life immensely and hinders the physical, mental status and the well being of the individuals, (Lips Schoolar, 2005). Clinical diagnosis is characterised by bone mineral density of 2.5 standard deviations, (Nguyan, 2016). Worldwide over 200 million are affected by osteoporosis. In Singapore and the larger Asia region, osteoporosis is a rising public health concern which its prevalence is rising daily. Population at risk in Singapore women before age 45 are at high risk while men and women above 65 are at risk of osteoporosis, however women are prone by 20% than men, (MOH, 2017). In Singapore the hip fracture ration incidence has increased 1.5 times in men than in women, a similar trend observed in various countries. Mortality rates associated with hip fracture is estimated to be between 20 %- 27 %. This high ratio has caused significant cost on health care cost of the average Singapore citizen, (MoH, 2017). High costs of osteoporosis is associated with hospital care in Singapore, thus better financial management skills for the elderly enables preventive and proactive measures, (Ng, Lau, Ko, 2017)) The objectives of the intervention are; To raise the awareness level of risks associated with osteoporosis among the elderly. To provide a nutrition intervention approach for managing and preventing osteoporosis To provide support for the osteoporotic patients in the community. Background Old age is a blessing and a curse in disguise. With old age there several physiological changes that happen to the body and needs medical interventions. According to World Health Organisation, incidences of osteoporosis increases with old age. 8 % of the population aged between 60-69 years have developed osteoporosis and 25% further to those between 70-79 years and 48% for those 80 years or older. Women are more at risk for osteoporosis as they lose more bone mass after menopause. Women after the age of 45 are at greater risk. In general men and women above 65 years are at high risk of getting osteoporosis Osteoporosis has been identified by the ministry of health in Singapore and given priority for implementation of care. The importance of osteoporosis is the increased risks of fractures among patients with the disease. Often this fracture requires medication and consequent hospitalization, which lead decreased quality of life and may require long term care. In Singapore, fractures of the hip associated with osteoporosis are 30% who are semi dependant, causing major financial, medical and social constraints to the patient. The ministry of health clinical practice guidelines on osteoporosis was first published in year 2002, has been forming the framework for provision of care for the elderly and those at risk for osteoporosis and fractures. The content has served the best purpose in it being a guideline for management and prevention. The target group for this health intervention program will be elderly above 65 years hospitalized. The elderly population with osteoporosis continues to increase in Singapore due to rapid growth of population and improved quality of care among the elderly, (Tan, Low Shen De, 2015). Osteoporosis is characterised by decreased bone mass and structural differing of the bone tissue. The target group for this intervention will be sourced for the hospital, set up. The intervention will target the elderly who have been admitted in one of the major hospitals in Singapore, Alexandra Hospital, and Queen town in the Central region of Singapore. Rationale of the Intervention Osteoporosis is major old age disease which needs urgent intervention. Statistics show that 1 in 3 women over the age of 50 will experience osteoporotic fractures and 1 in 5 men will be a victim, (Ruby Rebecca, 2005). Approximately 75% of hip, spine and distal foreman fractures occur among older persons aged 65 years old and over. By the year 2050, worldwide incidences of hip fracture in men is expected to increase by 310 % while 240% in women, (Judith Sari, 2011). The ageing population in Singapore is increasing rapidly; the older persons incidence rate in 1 in five residents will have developed fractures at a rate of 1.5 times in men and 5 times in women, (Bee Chandran, 2014). Treatment costs for osteoporosis are high with estimates of hospitalisation cost of S$10,555, thus signifying high economic burden and treatment medications are comparatively high, which burdens the patient from attending Medicare and thus increase the risk of mortality, (Lee Lim, 2008). With this knowled ge, the health care cost associated with the elderly is expected to rise concurrently with the rise in the life expectancy, (Kim, Lee, Kim Lee, 2016) thus the need for an effective intervention to manage it. Lifestyle Management Intervention A lifestyle management based approach will be used for this study. A dietary and environmental based will be used in this study. The intervention will be geared towards improving the health status of the community especially older adults at Alexandria medical facility. There is sufficient evidence linking bone mass modulation by changing and modifying the lifestyle habits of the populations at the early ages increase the skeletal maturity. Nutrition Based Approach Calcium rich diet should be emphasized in diets is evident. Increased calcium intake among the elderly will be able to prevent further depletion of the bone density mass thus reducing the effect of the diseases later. Calcium not exceeds 1000 mg per day. Intake of calcium rich diet is crucial; they include milk, dried milk, yoghurt, ice cream and assorted fruits and vegetables. Vitamin D is crucial in the management of osteoporosis for absorption of calcium. An adult over 50 yers needs 1200 mg of calcium on a daily basis. It is obtained through the sunlight or through the diet or supplements, (Dawson et al., 1997, Lips et al., 196). Exercises Studies and sufficient evidence suggest that women with osteoporosis who practise exercise have improved muscles and postural stability and increased density in the bone, (Shea et al., 2004, Englund et al., 2005). The exercises have shown beneficial effects on the well being, improved muscular strength strength and posture of the older adults. Excess exercises should be minimised as they can be detrimental to the health state of the patient. Implementation of the Project Hospital visitation will be initiated with the elderly patients identified through the admission entry of the hospital. The intervention will target both their care takers and the elderly themselves. Care full designed information pamphlets will be used. The pamphlets will have what it pertains osteoporosis, which can be at risk, healthier foods to be consumed and day and venue where screening activity will be carried out. Promoting healthy living through, healthy activities like, increasing physical exercise, maintenance of healthy weight gain and eating a healthy and a balanced diet. The patients who are ready to be discharged will be targeted for focus groups whereby question and answer session will take place hereby it will be question and answer time assisting the elderly in understand the basic concepts of osteoporosis and how it is useful to them. The sessions will be delivered in the social halls of the facility this is the place where patients who can be mobile normally come to rest. Stakeholders Community health workers will also be engaged in the program. Community health worker in the community health centre or in the community will be involved as they understand how the community function other stakeholders will involve geriatricians in the facility, physiotherapists, dieticians and patient representatives at the hospital. The hospital staff will be key in implementation of this program as they form the entry into the care center, thus the need for building comprehensive teamwork and approach. Also the hospitalised obtained their through hospital provision thus working with the facility is key towards assessing the diet the elderly receive in relation to osteoporosis risks. Resources Needed For effective implementation of the program there is need to identify and locate the resources. Promotional items will be made available, informational brochures human resource personnel, communication equipment and posters. Evaluation Evaluation of the program will be done based on the objectives set. Follow ups visits of the older patients in the acute centre will be done upon discharge to assess whether they are practicing or not. It is expected that after the intervention, there will be a behaviour change in terms of nutrition and physical activity interventions. Recognition of the risk should enable them to adopt behaviour change towards improved nutritional intake in relation to osteoporosis. The work is anticipated to be expanded upon rolling out the initial phase and doing critical evaluation and correcting any hindrance that might have been observed and encountered in the implementation phase. Conclusion In implementation of this intervention care will be keenly observed on how information will be disseminated, as older adults have cognitive impaired abilities, thus educating them needs a lot of patients which must be utilised. It is anticipated that there will be a behaviour change among the older adults due to the perceived danger of osteoporosis. References Bee, C. S., Chandran, M. (2014). A Review of the 2008 Singapore Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines on Osteoporosis and an Update. Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies, 27(2), 159. Committee on Ageing Issues: Report on Aging Population. 2006. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;337 (10):670-6. Englund U, Littbrand H, Sondell A, Pettersson U, Bucht G. A 1-year combined weight-bearing training program is beneficial for bone mineral density and neuromuscular function in older women. Osteoporosis Int 2005;16(9):1117-1123. 14. Daniell HW. Osteoporosis functions in older women. Osteoporosis Int 2005;16(9):1117-1123. Holroyd, Christopher et al. ,(2008). Epidemiology of osteoporosis; Best Practice Research Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism , Volume 22 , Issue 5 , 671 - 685 Kim, J., Lee, E., Kim, S., Lee, T. J. (2016). Economic burden of osteoporotic fracture of the elderly in South Korea: A national survey. Value in Health Regional Issues, 9, 36-41. Lee YH, Lim YW, Lam KS. Economic cost of osteoporotic hip fractures in Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal 2008;49(12):980-984. Lips P, Graafmans WC, Ooms ME, Bezemer PD, Bouter LM. Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, 51 placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Feb 15;124(4):400-6 Ng, C. S., Lau, T. C., Ko, Y. (2017). Cost of Osteoporotic Fractures in Singapore. Value in Health Regional Issues, 12, 27-35. Nguyen, V. H. (2016). Osteoporosis prevention and osteoporosis exercise in community-based public health programs. Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Lips, N.M. van Schoor , (2005). Quality of life in patients with osteoporosis Int, 16 pp. 447455 P.S. Genaro, G.A. Pereira, M.M. Pinheiro, V.L. Szejnfeld, L.A. (2010). Martini Influence of body composition on bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporotic women Arch Gerontol , Geriatr, 51 pp. 295298. Pisani, P., Renna, M. D., Conversano, F., Casciaro, E., Di Paola, M., Quarta, E., ... Casciaro, S. (2016). Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: Risk factor updates and societal impact. World journal of orthopedics, 7(3), 171. Shea B, Bonaiuti D, Iovine R, Negrini S, Robinson V, Kemper HC, et al.(2004). Cochrane Review on exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Eura Medicophys 2004; 40(3):199-209. Tan, W. L. B., Low, S. L., Shen, L., De, S. D. (2015). Osteoporotic hip fractures: 10-year review in a Singaporean hospital. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 23(2), 150-154. Osteoporosis. Singapore Ministry of Health, Accessed on 10/05/2017;https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home.html

Eating Disorders Essays (781 words) - Eating Disorders,

Eating Disorders There are many different types of eating disorders in our world today and many suffer from them. Young women, and the reason is unknown, are the main targets. I believe young women are more apt because of the ideal media, newspapers, magazines, etc. That's what they feel they need to live up to, and also they are more emotional and are in that stage of life where things like this matter a lot. There are two very common eating disorders: anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is characterized by a person with a body weight less than 85% of what is considered normal weight. Anorexics have a fear of being fat. Anorexics limit their food intake. People who are anorexic continue to diet even when they are bone thin; they are never satisfied with their appearance. They engage in excessive exercising and long depressions; these are just some of the danger signals that anorexics show. This self-starving behavior can lead to severe emancipation or even death. Anorexics see normal fat (folds of flesh) on the body as fat that needs to be eliminated. They often find sleeping and resting a discomfort because they have lost their normal body fat. A victim of this serious disorder tends to further themselves from family and friends; they want to be isolated. There are many dangers from starving yourself: the body tends to slow down or even stop certain body processes, blood pressure may fall, breathing rate may drop, and menstruation also stops. The thyroid gland disappears, and this is the gland that regulates growth. Nails and hair become brittle, skin is dry, light headiness, constipation, and there is swelling of the joints. When fat is reduced, the body temperature begins to fall and soft hair forms on the body for warmth. The body chemicals may also be so imbalanced heart failure may occur. People who suffer from bulimia nervosa also want to be thin, but they do it in a different fashion called binging and purging. Binging is when a people will eat a bunch of food, exceeding normal calorie intake. Purging is the way they get rid of it. This way they are still able to eat and then still be thin, but this is very dangerous and can often be deadly. A person is suffering from bulimia if they have a dramatic loss of weight in a short period of time. The normal calorie intake for normal eaters is 2,000 to 3,000 calories in one day. The average bulimic will usually average 3,400 calories in 1 1/4 hours. For bingers, to loose this is by either using laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or even just gagging themselves with their fingers. This will also upset the body's balance of chemicals, which may cause fatigue, seizures, irregular heartbeats, and thinner bones. If purging continues to persist, this may damage the stomach or esophagus, the gums will begin to recede, and it will erode tooth enamel. Some effects also show skin rashes, broken blood vessels in the face, and irregular menstrual cycles. With most eating disorders females are more affected than men. Anorexics and bulimics are often known to be perfectionists and when they don't perform excellent in something, they punish themselves with starvation, binging, or purging. People with eating disorders often have mood swings, lack of motivation, hopelessness, feelings of anxiety, panic attacks, claustrophobia in crowded places, and isolation and loneliness. All of these symptoms are suicidal. They may have frequent headaches; this is due to low blood pressure and decreased oxygen supply to the brain. Most are always cold because the insulation layer of fat is lost or there is decreased circulation due to the lowered blood pressure and slow heart rate, and also the metabolism is slowed down. There is a tingling sensation in the hands, feet, and face due to vitamin deficiency, mainly potassium. Victims don't have to look like they are underweight or even ?average? to suffer from any signs and symptoms of eating disorders. It doesn't mean they suffer less or are in less danger. A close family member or friend you know may suffer from one of these eating disorders. Make sure you let them know in a

Nature Versus Civilization essays

Nature Versus Civilization essays In comparing and contrasting Civilization Over Nature by Michael Heiman with Nature Over Civilization by Robert Kuhn McGregor I have discovered that their main themes over lap in one or more ways. They both define Nature in totally different aspects. Therefore that is way their main themes appear to be so much different. Michael Heiman argues that nature was put aside for the capitalistic views of the nineteenth century. This then implies that nature was put aside for the production of civilization. Therefore associating the human race strictly with civilization and not nature. Nature is only made up of the landscape and the animals and plants within it. In Heimans example of this he speaks of the exploitation of the Hudson Valley for the transportation of goods across the country. He tells of how the destruction of this area throughout the nineteenth century was overlooked by the artists and tour guides that traveled this route. The viewpoints that Heiman carried throughout his essay had a homocentric orientation towards civilization. As for Heimans main theme he proposes that civilization was the ultimate reality. As for McGregor he proposed to agree with the biocentric view that humans and plants and animals were all living actors in the play of life therefore making humans a part of nature as well. As for the civilization aspect of it all he goes on to explain that animals have their own civilizations in which some of them change the environment in the same ways as our civilization. In the end of it all he believes that nature is the ultimate reality. In order to compare and contrast we have to first see the main part where they clash. Heiman sees nature as the landscape, plants, and animals therefore making humans the synonym for civilization. McGregor on the other hand says that nature has its own civilization just as humans do. So humans are now a ...

Racial Profiling (human Right) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Racial Profiling (human Right) - Essay Example President George W. Bush has promised that he would end racial profiling shortly after taking office but there has been no improvement. Despite this, there has been an increase in racial profiling and the study also showed that states law does not provide sufficient and consistent protection against profiling. An extensive research done by Amnesty International USA (AIUSA) showed that, national security is undermined when law enforcement uses racial profiling as a surrogate for criminal suspicion. Racial profiling should stop before it eradicates the crime fighting gain of the last decade especially in the inner cities. Whenever enforcement statistics shows high rates of minority stops and arrests, the anti-profiling activists usually makes police an all but overwhelming presumption. Racial profiling has been primary focusing on the highway stop and police has been accused of pulling over a lopsided number of minority drivers in order to look for drugs rather than stopping a spender next to him. The driver may have committed an infringement but the reason for stopping him is his race. (Mac Donald, 2001) Racial profiling causes distrust and tension between the police and the community and this in turn affects all aspects of criminal justice systems. One of the fundamental principles of democracy is a guarantee of all individuals to equal protection under the law. Despite this, there has been a steady decline in the crime rate in nearly every community in the United States for the past eight years. "Law enforcement officers should not endorse or act upon stereotypes, attitudes, or beliefs that a person's race, ethnicity, or national origin increases that person's general propensity to act unlawfully". (Mc Devitt, Farrell, and Ramirez, 2000). According to Mc Devitt, Farrell, and Ramirez, (2000), it is through data collection that law enforcement agencies should address concerns and allegations regarding discriminatory policing. Data collection of information on the nature, character, and demographics of police enforcement practices, enhances the ability to assess the appropriate appli cation of the authority and broad discretion entrusted to law enforcement. United States should have both effective enforcement and protection of the civil rights of all Americans. The U.S Department of Justice is set about developing a resource guide on resource guide on racial profiling data collection systems to encourage voluntary data collection. The American news media exploded with coverage of the racial profiling problem in the late 1990s. The local and national press had illustrated the individual and social costs of racial profiling. The community of color had been labeled the phenomenon with sarcastic terms such as "driving while black" or "driving while brown." According to survey that was conducted, it confirmed that most Americans, regardless of race, believe that racial profiling is a significant social problem. Gallup Poll released on 9 December , 1999 showed that more than half of Americans polled believed that police actively engage in the practice of racial profiling and, more significantly, 81 percent of them said they disapprove of the practice.1 According

The health systems of Canada and Australia Essay

The health systems of Canada and Australia - Essay Example On the other hand, private healthcare system is majorly financed through private health insurance programs or out of pocket payments by the patients. The healthcare system in Canada is provided through the public funded system. The publicly funded health system is basically free during the point of use, and provides services mostly through the private entities. The Canadian health system is controlled through the 1984 Canadian Health Act. The Canadian government applies the federal standards in determining the healthcare quality. The health information of the patients is not accessed by the government; this ensures the confidentiality between the patient and the physician. The Medicare systems that are managed provincially in Canada have proved to be cost effective, due to the simplicity in the administration process. In every province, the physician presents the insurance claim on the provincial insurer. The patient is usually not directly involved in the healthcare billing and also the processes of reclamation. The proportion of the expenditure for private health institutions is approximately 30% (Warren, 2008). The Canadian Health Act is not supposed to cater for the cost of; prescription drugs, dental care, prescription glasses, long term care and homecare. This implies that patients cater for these health expenses through cash payments or private insurance. However, the provinces cater for partial costs of the health services not covered from the health act, for the vulnerable members of the society like children and elderly citizens. Competitive practices such as advertising are controlled. This ensures the maximization of revenues that are used directly in the healthcare. The health costs are generally catered for by the income tax funding. The Canada Health Act does not allow user fees; however, some doctors charge the yearly fees for the non-essential services such as doctors’ notes and prescription

Mass Communications Essay Example for Free

Mass Communications Essay Communication has developed and still continues to develop. Over the centuries, many forms of communication have developed that have made the transmission of messages among people faster and more efficient. These include the radio, television, the print media as well as telephones. With technology and globalization improving at a fast rate, certain factors have influenced the way these different channels of communication operate in ensuring their audiences are satisfied with the services they offer and also the media houses make profits. Some of the trends affecting the delivery of content are: convergence, increasing audience control, and media mobility. The focus of this essay is to analyze the impact and relevance of convergence, increasing audience control and media convergence on Radio. Radio is a means of communicating by using electromagnetic waves or frequencies to detect signals and transform them to sound and its history of radio can be dated back in the late 19th century. Back then, the radio was a simple device whose usefulness was seen during the wars and battles as it was used to send telegraphic messages to people fighting in far places. Since then, radio has developed and is used for other purposes such as educating, advertising, relying information and entertaining people. In addition, it has created a livelihood for many people who depend on it. ? Convergence Convergence refers to the way in which various communication systems are linked so as to foster faster and better ways or relaying information. Basically, it is the merging of technologies. In media, convergence is the linking of technology with media content as well as the communication networks. As technological improvements continue to advance as each day passes, people in the radio business have embraced the changes and have become better. Radios initially used to be big equipments; but they have been modified and transformed such that they can be small as the size if a pen. Convergence nowadays is seen by how the internet has linked up with radio such that people from any corner of the world can listen to different radio stations in other countries. Before the internet came to use in 1969, people could only listen to radio stations within their regions. â€Å"The arrival of new digital communication technologies have facilitated the delivery of digital signals through various platforms and improved audio visual quality (Chan-Olmsted, 2006). † With the advancements in digital technology and the internet, people can now choose on what they would like to listen and from anywhere. Internet has enabled people to listen to music online, download and upload whatever they like. Moreover, it has generated new experiences both socially and business wise such that people from different regions meet and interact and businesses can advertise their products to more people thus expanding their markets. Convergence is also being enhanced in radio in through pod casting such that individuals can download their favorite programs on MP3 players. The disadvantages that come with convergence is that mobiles such as the iphone and the internet are taking over the functions of the radio networks are slowly being eroded away. For radio stations to be able to tap on the convergence advantages , they need to have experts working for them that is the employees, employers as well as the private consultants who advice them. This will be good because they will always be keen and updated on what is happening so that they know whish areas need to be improved on or the ways in which technology will be incorporated into the system. Moreover, professional consultants will advice them on what competitors are doing so that the can also try similar strategies. ? Increasing audience control Nowadays, the audience especially the younger generation that is technologically more advanced and conversant with how things work influences the activities of radio stations. This is because what they listen to, read or watch determines there preferences. â€Å"Although they have a variety of things to choose from, they are influencing time, prices and the portability of media use (Chan-Olmsted, 2006). † These preferences make them request or demand for programs they like and even suggest for what things they would like to see. Since the audience is means everything to the radio owners, they are forced to give in to their customers requests. This has enabled radio stations to benefit from the customers ideas as they always work on improving their services and retain their audiences. The shortcomings of audience control is that media houses need to change the way they operate so as to meet the demands of customers and at the same time offer quality services. In doing so, they will have to invest on the latest machinery and technologies and sometimes they have to overstretch their budgets to do away with the pressure or sometimes they do not have the funds hence they risk losing their audience. ’ Media houses have to contemplate on how to internalize new technology and be responsive to the new media audience. Another disadvantage is that the audience once they do not get what they want, they will opt to down load things on the internet or shift to their competitors. ? Media Mobility Media mobility refers to the ease with which the technologies in communication can be accommodated and enhanced so as to diversify the uses of the radio. The radio while being serving as a communication channel also links technologies with customers, markets and technology. â€Å"The globalization of mobility directly involves the way in which service integration and network integration relate to one another (Hardy, Malleus Mereur, 2002). †Mobility can be seen in the way the radio is incorporated with various devices making it more portable and more flexible thus increasing the rate of acceptance. Most mobile phones nowadays have evolved and have radios. This was mainly a marketing strategy used by the mobile companies to attract the younger generation and we can say that it has helped in expanding the usage of telephone. Furthermore, some DVDs especially home theaters and televisions have been modified to perform many functions and the radio is one of them. The usage of radio has expanded to accommodate many things and people are always eager to know what will come next. All these coupled by various enhancements such as the ear pieces have made radio more attractive. The disadvantages that come with incorporating all these new things is that the focus shifts from the radio to the other devices as it is being used to complement the other functions of the device. In addition, the costs of certain software and hardware is high therefore this limits research at times especially now when the global economy and markets are not doing well. To tap on the advantages, radio companies will need to be regularly updated on new technologies as well as invest in training and educating their staff so that they become better at what they do as well as find better marketing strategies. In addition, radio companies need to budget properly so that they have enough funds to run their businesses as well as accommodate new strategies that are beneficial to the business. Conclusion These factors have greatly impacted the things we purchase and what we listen to. Moreover, they influenced and enabled businesses to develop and grow as they do their advertisements, promotions and marketing strategies using it. I as well as other Americans have been exposed to a variety of products thus making it easier to purchase commodities especially those manufactured in far off areas. We therefore need to support the work done by researchers as well as radio stations so as to benefit through things like media mobility which link the old and new systems. References Chan-Olmsted, S. M. (2006), Competitive Strategy for Media Firms: Strategic and Brand Management in Changing Media Markets. Routledge, p. 204 Hardy, D. , Malleus, G. Mereur. J. N. (2002). Networks: Internet, Telephony, Multimedia: Convergences and Complementarities. Translated by Michael Byrne,De Boeck Universite

Dr Faustus :: Essays Papers

Dr Faustus In Dr. Faustus, Christopher Marlowe uses the resolution of the conflict between Dr. Faustus and the beliefs of his time to explore the idea of man’s place in the universe. In Faustus’ time, it was believed that man had a place in the universe, and man must stay within his boundaries. It can be shown that Dr. Faustus stepped out of his place, failed in his attempt repent his actions, and ultimately caused his own end. The conflict between Dr. Faustus and the belief system of the age of discovery is established when Faustus makes a pact with the devil to sell his soul. Faustus, a top scholar and doctor in many fields, feels as though he has reached the pinnacle of human achievement. Yet, he desires further knowledge and power, knowledge and power that are not humanly attainable. However, through his pact with the devil, Faustus gains the power necessary to perform black magic, cast spells, and perform other godly deeds. Although Faustus is repeatedly warned by Mephostophelis, he continues greedily and foolishly in his actions. Despite his high aspirations, Faustus still has desires of the flesh, as he requests a wife from Mephostophelis: â€Å"†¦I am wanton and lascivious and cannot live without a wife.† (p. 43) Here Faustus is shown to have internal conflict between godly aspirations and human aspirations. Nevertheless, it is shown that Dr. Faustus is intent on becoming more po werful than any human, and he has gone to great lengths to do so. After selling his soul for twenty-four years of power and knowledge, Dr. Faustus soon realizes what he has done. He tries to repent his bond with the devil, yet the devil will not have it and binds him to his contract. Following this, Faustus continues to have doubts about his actions. At the same time, Faustus wins fame and fortune for his magic skills, yet his doubts remain as strong as ever. Although Faustus bargained away his soul for super-human power, it is apparent that he uses it to play tricks and silly pranks on people, the opposite of his initial intent. Dr. Faustus continues to use his power meaninglessly for tricks and the like. He is later approached by the old man, who begs Faustus to consider the mercy of God, for Faustus has retained his human soul and can be forgiven by God.

Effects of Alcohol on the Family Essay

Alcohol Dependence, also known as alcoholism, is a very widespread disabling addictive disorder, affecting 4% of Canadians. Alcoholism may start innocuously, due to the acceptability of social drinking, but over time, can lead to serious health problems, including brain, kidney and liver damage. Although alcoholics seem to be doing the most damage to themselves, they are hurting their families even more. Lesser-known, but just as serious victims of alcohol abuse are the alcoholics’ children. The negative effects start in the womb, where drinking during pregnancy often causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and other defects. After the baby is born, the risks continue, as the children in alcoholic families tend to lack a stable family environment and have a fairly high rate of abuse. These factors, as well as genetic predisposition, are strong precedents to the child developing alcohol abuse problems themselves. These children also tend to show more symptoms of anxiety and depression, and have lower self esteem than children from nonalcoholic families. These factors may also contribute to the likelihood of the child becoming an alcoholic. When a few drinks has turned into a few too many, a few too many times, some may start to suspect alcoholism. This is often how alcohol abuse starts, with acceptable social drinking increasing to the point where the drinker can no longer control their desire and compulsion to drink. Drinking too much alcohol over a long period changes the chemical balance in the brain linked to pleasure, causing the body to crave alcohol. Symptoms of alcoholism are frequent intoxication; drinking and continuing to drink alcohol in appropriate places and times; and often, denial of the problem. Due to the legality and availability of alcohol, it can be very difficult to quit or help another quit drinking, which can result in long-term alcohol abuse. When one has been abusing alcohol for long periods of time, it can cause a number of mental and physical problems, including, but not limited to liver damage, kidney damage, heart disease, alcoholic dementia, brain damage, and a myriad of psychological problems. Alcoholism also comes with a variety of comorbid disorders, most commonly major depressive disorder, and anxiety related disorders (Petrakis, 86). The order of the co-occurrence is not always clear; whether these disorders resulted from the alcoholism, or whether the alcoholism was triggered by the disorders varies accordingly, but regardless, the alcoholic has a much better chance of recovery if both problems are treated together. (Medline Plus) Drinking alcohol during pregnancy has been found to increase health risks to the fetus, especially after the first trimester. Any amount of alcohol may harm a developing baby, no ‘safe amount’ has yet been established; however the more alcohol consumed by an expectant mother, the higher the risks are of the baby developing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, or FAS. FAS is a series of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus during pregnancy if the mother has been drinking. The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence states that approximately 5000 babies are born each year with severe FAS, and another 35000 are born with milder symptoms. If an alcoholic woman’s first child has FAS, the risk of her second child having FAS as well is a daunting 70%. The range of birth defects caused by FAS can be minor to major, and are nearly always long term. The infant will be born underweight and with an alcohol dependency. A detox period will follow birth, sometimes lasting for up to several months. These babies tend to have brain and skull deformities, and can have very distinctive facial features, such as small eye openings, thin upper lips, and long, flat faces. (Dozois, and Firestone 249-262) (Davis, and Frost 100-101) As the baby grows, learning problems that will keep the child from progressing normally may become apparent. FAS can cause damage to the central nervous system, which may result in severe learning disabilities. Due to this, the child may have problems learning to walk, being able to sleep, and focusing on motor skills; and have speech problems, hearing impairment, and decreased memory recall. They may have low self-esteem, be hyperactive, and be easily angered or frustrated. Mild or severe retardation, emotional issues, the inability to bond and communicate with other children their age are common traits for a child who suffers from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. It often results in lower and overall academic performance (compared to non-FAS children), and difficulties in reading, writing, spelling, and mathematics. (Dozois, and Firestone 254) Another side effect of alcoholism in the family is the lack of a stable family environment. Alcohol has been known to negatively affect marital relationships, breaking up families, be the cause of suicide, result in unemployment and poverty, and cause or exacerbate child abuse. Over 3 times as many people report to have been previously married to an alcoholic, compared to those currently married to an alcoholic, demonstrating that relationships involving alcohol abuse are less likely to last than sober relationships. Often, if one parent is an alcoholic and the other is not, the sober partner feels that the drinking takes precedence over them and their family. This strongly affects couples with children, as they may effectively lose either parent, or end up being shuttled between them. Worse than losing a parent to divorce is the reality of losing a parent to suicide. The relationship between alcoholism and suicide is very clear, and has been well-documented. Alcohol is a depressant, and can bring on episodes of major depressive disorder. Alcohol abuse is often either self-medication for depression, or the cause of alcoholic depression. Often, alcoholic depression is a combination of the two, a vicious cycle of triggering and self-medicating that worsens one’s emotional state. This despair, combined with possible unemployment; marital, family, and financial problems; and declining health due to drinking, results in more drinking to ‘drink away’ the issues, which can push one over the edge and cause them to take their own life. (Alcoholic. ca) Even if both parents are alive and present in a child’s life, they may not always be the responsible adults and parents they are expected to be. Many severely alcoholic parents are not able to attend to and fulfill their child’s physical and emotional needs, and some may even require the child to prematurely assume the role of the parent and take care of the adult. They may be emotionally and financially supported by their children in cases where their alcoholism is too severe for them to be self-reliant and hold a steady job. If there are younger siblings, the responsibilities of parenting may fall to the oldest child, sometimes in their entirety. This role reversal is unfortunate, but all too common in families where the main caregiver is affected by substance abuse and alcoholism. This also results in the children lacking proper role models to learn from, and as teenagers, are more likely to do poorly in school, or drop out entirely and not pursue post-secondary education. Children of alcoholics have higher rates of truancy, arrest, depression, and addiction than their peers, and are usually more aggressive, obsessive, impulsive, and have lower self-esteem. (Parsons) Child abuse adds to the instability of the life of a child with alcoholic parents. While child abuse, unlike FAS, can also occur in families without alcoholic parents, 4/5 of reported cases involved substance abuse, commonly including alcohol. Alcoholism is also more prevalent among child-abusing parents than those who do not abuse their children, and is more commonly associated with child abuse than any other disorder. The abuse is not limited to physical abuse; it comes in many forms, including sexual, verbal, emotional, and psychological abuse, as well as neglect. There are many reasons and theories behind the facts, all are true to a certain degree in most situations. Some say that alcoholics are generally more violent and prone to aggression, which makes their children a convenient target. The alcohol might be making them aggressive, or they may aggressive by nature, which is exacerbated by the alcohol. Also, since alcohol and child abuse are connected, many alcoholics were abused as children themselves, and as a result, are more likely to abuse their own children. This abuse puts their children at a greater risk of alcoholism, as well as abusing their future children, perpetuating the cycle. Emotional abuse and neglect commonly occur when the inebriated parent cannot correctly assess their own priorities, emotionally (or physically) abandons their child, or does not treat them as a parent should. Regardless of the reason, child abuse results in the children doing poorly in school, having self-esteem issues, anti-social behaviour, having feelings of guilt and shame, and suffering from depression. Abused children are also much more likely to grow up to abuse their own children, and to have substance abuse issues of their own. (Widom and Hiller-Sturmhofel 52-57) Despite the obvious hope that a child with alcoholic parents will learn from their mistakes and grow up to be an addiction-free adult, the opposite is usually true. The children of alcoholics are far more likely to become a product of their environment and develop substance abuse problems, likely including, but not limited to, alcoholism. Without proper role models and examples to base themselves off of, these children tend to fall into their parents’ habits and imitate their actions. Alcoholic parents are also more likely to have raised their children in an environment where alcohol abuse was more common or more accepted than non-alcoholic parents, where they may have been influenced by their peers. Along with alcohol dependency, these children are at a much higher risk of developing other substance abuses issues and addictions, most commonly to benzodiazepines. They are also likely to suffer from symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and obsessive behaviours. Those who manage to stay sober tend to exhibit these characteristics as well. Some children of alcoholics may fall victim to the same traps as their parents, while others excel, possibly due to a desire to do better in life than their parents. (Brooke, et al 1980-1981) Alcoholism is a very tough habit to break, however anyone who desires to try has a multitude of options. There are certain medications in use that may be prescribed as part of treatment, but these usually accompany group therapy or psychotherapy, which is usually found to be the most effective. Alcoholics Anonymous, or AA, is the most common program, due to its availability, anonymity, efficacy, and affordability. It is a free international program based on the mutual support of its members, where alcoholics learn to take responsibility for their actions, and support others through their journeys. It is based on the ‘12 Steps’, which are a set of principles and beliefs that focus on admitting to mistakes and addictions, recognizing a higher power, making amends, taking responsibility, and helping others through their addictions. AA famously schools its members that alcoholism is a disease, and that it is not something that they can control. However despite all the available support, unless those who suffer from Alcohol Dependence genuinely have a wish to get better, and are willing to put the in the time and effort required, their problems often do result in lasting effects, both for themselves and others. (Alcoholic.ca) (Alcoholics Anonymous). References Alcoholics Anonymous. â€Å"Alcoholics Anonymous: This is AA. † Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc. , 2010. Web. 28 Nov 2010. . Alcoholics Anonymous. â€Å"Alcoholics Anonymous: Is There an Alcoholic in Your Life?. † Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc. , 2010. Web. 28 Nov 2010. . Medline Plus. â€Å"Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse. † Medline Plus. National Library of Medicine, 15 Nov 2010. Web. 26 Nov 2010. . Parsons, Tetyana. â€Å"Alcoholism and Its Effect on the Family. † AllPsych Online. AllPsych and Heffner Media Group Inc. , 14 Dec 2003. Web. 28 Nov 2010. . Widom, Cathy Spatz, and Susanne Hiller-Sturmhofel. â€Å"Alcohol Abuse as a Risk Factor for and Consequence of Child Abuse. † Alcohol research & health: the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 25. 1 (2001): 52-57. Print. Alcoholic. ca. â€Å"Alcoholism and Suicide. † Alcoholic and Alcohol Treatment in Canada. Alcoholic. ca, 2009. Web. 29 Nov 2010. . Alcoholic. ca. â€Å"Alcoholic and Alcohol Treatment. † Alcoholic and Alcohol Treatment in Canada. Alcoholic. ca, 2009. Web. 29 Nov 2010. . Dozois, David, and Philip Firestone. Abnormal Psychology. 4th Ed. , Perspectives. Toronto, Canada: Pearson Education Canada, 2010. 254. Print. Brooke, S, et al. â€Å"Familial Loading for Alcoholism and Offspring Behavior: Mediating and Moderating Influences. † Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 34. 11 (2010): 1980-1981. Web. 28 Nov 2010. . Petrakis, Ismene L, et al. â€Å"Comorbidity of Alcoholism and Psychiatric Disorders: An Overview. † Alcohol research & health: the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 26. 2 (2002): 81-89. Print. Davis, Janet Haggerty, and Wendy Autumn Frost. â€Å"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Challenge for the Community Health Nurse. † Journal of Community Health Nursing. 1. 2 (1984): 100-101. Print.

Christopher Columbus and the Definition of America as...

It should be said that Christopher Columbus was responsible for the discovery of what he thought the new lands could provide rather than the discovery of the ‘New World’. Since most of his ventures landed him and his followers to lands that were inhabited by people, who were favorable to trade, where culture, politics, and religion had been established, his discoveries were really a way of supporting his model for self-good. I will analyze the paper by Beatriz Bodmer â€Å"Christopher Columbus and the Definition of America as Booty†, to argue that despite Columbus’s quest for discovery, he did so with preconceived ideas that he would use to his benefit of convincing others of what he discovered and how these discoveries would benefit him.†¦show more content†¦During future voyages, Columbus approached his explorations of his own preconceived ideas, ideas filled with distorting the facts, reducing and ignoring what was actually present (Bodmer,2 0). It was easy for Columbus to maintain such significances, since cultural and scientific findings could be taken as theoretical beliefs, which were inconsistent with empirical findings and through his own irrational writings he believed to be the promised one, sent to render divine intervention. This belief of this was energized by the writing of Las Casas, who states that Columbus’s mission as a discoverer and evangelizer was part of a divine plan that was determined long before birth (Bodmer, 20). During the days of Columbus, to be an instrument of Divine Providence, meant that he had prestige and credibility making him nearly infallible, which in Columbus’s own statement, saw himself as an instrument of divine will and that everything he does is protected by God (Bodmer, 21). This ideology will lead to his weaken role as an instrument of knowledge and explains Columbus’s imaginary conception of how he would view the new lands to fit his preconceived models (Bodmer, 22) When Columbus was on the island of Cuba, he had changed his mind about it being Cipangu, only to replace his earlier conclusion with another, than identify the island as Cathay (Bodmer, 24). This would be